Dados do Trabalho

Título

The Impact of Screens on the Development and Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Introdução

The increasing use of electronic devices by children and adolescents has raised concerns about their impact on mental health, particularly regarding the development of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). While anxiety is a normal emotion, it can become pathological and disrupt daily life when dysregulated. With the high penetration of smartphones and increased screen time, there has been a rise in GAD cases, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates how screen use influences the development and prevalence of GAD in young people.

Objetivo

To examine the relationship between screen use and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in children and adolescents aged 5 to 16 years. Additionally, the study aims to analyze screen use patterns among this group, identify symptoms of GAD, investigate the correlation between screen time and the prevalence of GAD, explore mediating and moderating factors in this relationship.

Métodos

A bibliographic review was conducted with an exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory approach. The research was carried out using renowned databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science, employing terms like "excessive screen use," "generalized anxiety disorder," and "psychological impact of screens." Articles published between 2014 and 2024 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were selected.

Resultados

The bibliographic review revealed a strong association between excessive screen use and the increase of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in children and adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this issue, leading to higher GAD cases. Excessive screen use is linked to sleep disturbances, antisocial and aggressive behaviors, and may impair the development of the prefrontal cortex, crucial for executive functions. Dependence on electronic games is also highlighted as a significant addictive disorder.

Conclusões

The study confirms the relationship between excessive screen use and the development of GAD in young people. Dependent use of digital devices compromises social, cognitive, and emotional development and is associated with antisocial behaviors and increased anxiety. It is essential for parents and guardians to limit screen time and content. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective in treating GAD and managing technological dependence. Therefore, the study underscores the need for preventive interventions and public policies to protect youth mental health.

Palavras -chave

YOUTH, SCREENS, GAD;